Archive for December 2021

With ... brakes, the pressure of the brake chamber on the slack adjuster turns the power screw

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With ... brakes, the pressure of the brake chamber on the slack adjuster turns the power screw



Answer: disc. In air-operated disc brakes, air pressure acts on a brake chamber and slack adjuster, like s-cam brakes. But instead of the s-cam, a "power screw" is used. The pressure of the brake chamber on the slack adjuster turns the power screw. The power screw clamps the disc or rotor between the brake lining pads of a caliper, similar to a large c-clamp. Disc brakes are less common than s-cam brakes.

During step seven of the seven step inspection...

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During step seven of the seven step inspection...



Answer: test the air leakage rate. turn off engine, release parking brake and time pressure drop.. should be less than 2 psi in one minute. Then apply 90 psi or more with the brake pedal if drops 3 psi in one minute get checked

What are the hazard classes?

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What are the hazard classes?



1=explosives

2=gases

3=flamable

4=flamable solids

5=oxidizers

6=poisons

7=radioactive

8=corrosives

9=misc. haz. materials (asbestos)

None=ORM-D Other regulated material-domestic (charcoal)

None=combustible liquids (lighter fluid)

A tank endorsement is only required if your vehicle needs a Class A or B CDL and your vehicle has a permanently mounted cargo tank of any capacity; or your vehicle is carrying a portable tank with a capacity of ... gallons or more

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A tank endorsement is only required if your vehicle needs a Class A or B CDL and your vehicle has a permanently mounted cargo tank of any capacity; or your vehicle is carrying a portable tank with a capacity of ... gallons or more



Answer: 1000 gallons

At a rest area you discover your hazardous materials shipments slowly leaking from the vehicle. There is no phone around. What should you do?

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At a rest area you discover your hazardous materials shipments slowly leaking from the vehicle. There is no phone around. What should you do?



Answer: Park it. Secure the area. Stay there. Send someone else for help. When sending someone for help, give that person: A description of the emergency, Your exact location and direction of travel. Your name, the carrier's name, and the name of the community or city where your terminal is located. The proper shipping name, hazard class, and identification number of the hazardous materials, if you know them.


What is the Emergency Response Guide (ERG)?

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What is the Emergency Response Guide (ERG)?



Answer: The Department of transportation has a guidebook for fire fighters, police, and industry workers on how to protect themselves and public from hazardous materials. The guide is indexed by proper shipping name and hazardous materials identification number.


What is a safe haven?

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What is a safe haven?



Answer: An approved place to park unattended trucks loaded with explosives

An example of a key air suspension part is the ...

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An example of a key air suspension part is the ...



Answer: Examples of key air suspension parts include: frame reinforcement, height control valve, upper bellows support, shock absorber, spacer, bracket, eye bolt, control arm, clamp bolt, anchor plate, axle, U-bolt, axle seat, lower bellows support, and bellows.


..... is among the benefits of regular exercise

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..... is among the benefits of regular exercise



Answer: Driving a vehicle for long hours is tiring. Even the best of drivers will become less alert. However, there are things that good drivers do to help stay alert and safe. Exercise regularly. Resistance to fatigue and improved sleep are among the benefits of regular exercise. Try to incorporate exercise into your daily life. Instead of sitting and watching TV in your sleeper, walk or jog a few laps around the parking lot. A little bit of daily exercise will give you energy throughout the day.

Inspecting cargo and its securing devices should be

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Inspecting cargo and its securing devices should be



Answer: You must understand basic cargo safety rules to get a CDL. If you load cargo wrong or do not secure it, it can be a danger to others and yourself. As part of your pre-trip inspection, make sure the truck is not overloaded and the cargo is balanced and secured properly. After starting: Inspect the cargo and its securing devices again within the first 50 miles after beginning a trip. Make any adjustments needed. Re-check the cargo and securing devices as often as necessary during a trip to keep the load secure. A good habit is to inspect again: -After you have driven for 3 hours or 150 miles. -After every break you take during driving. Federal, state, and local regulations for commercial vehicle weight, securing cargo, covering loads, and where you can drive large vehicles vary from place to place. Know the rules where you will be driving.


The recommended pre-trip inspection method requires .... steps.

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The recommended pre-trip inspection method requires .... steps.



Answer: You should do a pre-trip inspection the same way each time so you will learn all the steps and be less likely to forget something. The Seven-step Inspection Method is very useful. When approaching the vehicle to conduct the inspection, notice its general condition. Look for damage and make sure the vehicle is not leaning to one side. Look under the vehicle for fresh oil, coolant, grease, or fuel leaks. Check the area around the vehicle for hazards to vehicle movement (people, other vehicles, objects, low hanging wires, limbs, etc.).


To protect the area when an accident has occurred

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To protect the area when an accident has occurred



Answer: When you're in an accident and not seriously hurt, you need to act to prevent further damage or injury. The first thing to do at an accident scene is to protect the area to keep another accident from happening at the same spot. If your vehicle is involved in the accident, try to get it to the side of the road. This will help prevent another accident and allow traffic to move. If you're stopping to help, park away from the accident. The area immediately around the accident will be needed for emergency vehicles. Put on your flashers. Set out reflective triangles to warn other traffic. Make sure they can be seen by other drivers in time for them to avoid the accident.


A safe way to approach the issue of overhead clearance is ...

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A safe way to approach the issue of overhead clearance is ...



Answer: Hitting overhead objects is a danger. Make sure you always have overhead clearance. Before you back into an area, get out and check for overhanging objects, such as trees, branches, or electric wires. It's easy to miss seeing them while you are backing. Check for other hazards at the same time. Don't assume that the heights posted at bridges and overpasses are correct. Repaving or packed snow may have reduced the clearances since the heights were posted. If you doubt that you have safe space to pass under an object, go slowly. If you aren't sure you can make it, take another route. Warnings are often posted on low bridges or underpasses, but sometimes they are not.

Driving too fast reduces the time you have to react to an emergency and increases your

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Driving too fast reduces the time you have to react to an emergency and increases your



Answer: Whenever you double your speed, it takes about four times as much distance to stop and your vehicle will have four times the destructive power if it crashes. High speeds increase stopping distances greatly. By slowing down a little, you can gain a lot in reduced braking distance.

During step three of the seven step inspection method, the driver should put the gearshift in .... or ..... if automatic

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During step three of the seven step inspection method, the driver should put the gearshift in .... or ..... if automatic



Answer: Step 3 of the Seven-step Inspection Method is to start the engine and inspect inside the cab. Get in the vehicle and start the engine. Make sure the parking brake is on. Put the gearshift in neutral (or park if automatic). Start the engine and listen for any unusual noises. Then check the gauges, condition of controls, mirrors and windshield, and emergency equipment


If you are making a left turn, make sure to start the turn.

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If you are making a left turn, make sure to start the turn.



Answer: The space around a truck or bus is important in turns. Because of wide turning and offtracking, large vehicles can hit other vehicles or objects during turns. On a left turn, make sure that you have reached the center of the intersection before you start the turn. If you turn too soon, the left side of your vehicle may hit another vehicle because of offtracking. If there are two left turning lanes, always take the right turn lane. Don't start in the inside lane because you may have to swing right to make the turn. Drivers on your left can be more easily seen.


If something is blocking your path and the shoulder is clear,

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If something is blocking your path and the shoulder is clear,



Answer: Stopping is not always the safest thing to do in an emergency. When you don't have enough room to stop, you may have to steer away from what's ahead. Remember, you can almost always turn to miss an obstacle more quickly than you can stop. If an oncoming driver has drifted into your lane, a move to your right is best. If that driver realizes what has happened, the natural response will be to return to his or her own lane. If something is blocking your path, the best direction to steer will depend on the situation. If you have been using your mirrors, you'll know which lane is empty and can be safely used. If the shoulder is clear, going right may be best. No one is likely to be driving on the shoulder but someone may be passing you on the left. You will know if you have been using your mirrors. If you are blocked on both sides, a move to the right may be best. At least you won't force anyone into an opposing traffic lane and a possible head-on collision

If you are forced to leave the road in an emergency, you should countersteer when.

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If you are forced to leave the road in an emergency, you should countersteer when.


Stopping is not always the safest thing to do in an emergency. In some emergencies, you may have to drive off the road. It may be less risky than facing a collision with another vehicle. Most shoulders are strong enough to support the weight of a large vehicle and, therefore, offer an available escape route. Here are some guidelines, if you do leave the road. If possible, avoid using the brakes until your speed has dropped to about 20 mph. Then brake very gently to avoid skidding on a loose surface. Keep one set of wheels on the pavement, if possible. This helps to maintain control. If the shoulder is clear, stay on it until your vehicle has come to a stop. Signal and check your mirrors before pulling back onto the road. If you are forced to return to the road before you can stop, use the following procedure: -Hold the wheel tightly and turn sharply enough to get right back on the road safely. Don't try to edge gradually back on the road. If you do, your tires might grab unexpectedly and you could lose control. -When both front tires are on the paved surface, countersteer immediately. The two turns should be made as a single "steer-countersteer" move


When you conduct your walk-around inspection using the seven-step vehicle inspection method, you should ___

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When you conduct your walk-around inspection using the seven-step vehicle inspection method, you should ___



Answer: In step four of the Seven-step Inspection Method, make sure the parking brake is set, turn off the engine, and take the key with you. Turn on the low-beam headlights and four-way flashers, and get out of the vehicle. In step five, go to the front of the vehicle and check that the low beams are on and that both of the four-way flashers are working. Push the dimmer switch and make sure that the high beams work. Turn off the headlights and four-way emergency flashers. Turn on the parking, clearance, side-marker, and identification lights. Turn on your right turn signal, and begin your walk-around inspection.

If you must pull off a two-lane road carrying traffic in both directions or an undivided highway, place warning devices within _____ feet of the front or rear corners to mark the location of the vehicle and _____ feet behind and ahead of the vehicle.

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If you must pull off a two-lane road carrying traffic in both directions or an undivided highway, place warning devices within _____ feet of the front or rear corners to mark the location of the vehicle and _____ feet behind and ahead of the vehicle.



Answer: 10, 100

How can you test the trailer emergency brakes?

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How can you test the trailer emergency brakes?



Answer: charge the trailer air brake system and check that the trailer rolls freely. stop and pull out the trailer air supply control valve , pull the trailer gently to see that the trailer emergency brakes are on


How can you test the tractor protection valve?

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How can you test the tractor protection valve?



Answer: Charge the trailer

Air-brake system. (That is, build up normal air- pressure and push the "air supply" knob in.) Shut the engine off. Step on and off the brake pedal several times to reduce the air pressure in the tanks. The trailer air supply control (also called the tractor protection valve control) should pop out (or go from "normal" to "emergency" position) when the air pressure falls into the pressure range specified by the manufacturer. (Usually within the range of 20 to 45 psi.) If the tractor protection valve doesn't work right, an air hose or trailer brake leak could drain all the air from the tractor. This would cause the emergency brakes to come on, with possible loss of control.


How can you test that air flows to all trailers?

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How can you test that air flows to all trailers?



Answer: Use the tractor parking brake and/or chock the wheels to hold the vehicle. Wait for air pressure to reach normal, then push in the red "trailer air supply" knob. This will supply air to the emergency (supply) lines. Use the trailer handbrake to provide air to the service line. Go to the rear of the rig. Open the emergency line shut-off valve at the rear of the last trailer. You should hear air escaping, showing the entire system is charged. Close the emergency line valve. Open the service line valve to check that service pressure goes through all the trailers (this test assumes that the trailer handbrake or the service brake pedal is on), and then close the valve. If you do NOT hear air escaping from both lines, check that the shut-off valves on the trailer(s) and dolly(ies) are in the OPEN position. You MUST have air all the way to the back for all the brakes to work.


Where are shut-off valves?

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Where are shut-off valves?



Answer: Service and supply air lines at the back of trailers. Shut-off valves (also called cut-out cocks) are used in the service and supply air-lines at the back of trailers used to tow other trailers. These valves permit closing the air-lines off when another trailer is not being towed. You must check that all shut-off valves are in the open position except the ones at the back of the last trailer, which must be closed.


Why should you use chocks when parking a trailer without spring brakes?

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Why should you use chocks when parking a trailer without spring brakes?



Answer: Newer trailers have spring brakes just like trucks and truck tractors. However, converter dollies and trailers built before 1975 are not required to have spring brakes. Those that do not have spring brakes have emergency brakes, which work from the air stored in the trailer air tank. The emergency brakes come on whenever air pressure in the emergency line is lost. These trailers have no parking brake. The emergency brakes come on whenever the air supply knob is pulled out or the trailer is disconnected. A major leak in the emergency line will cause the tractor protection valve to close and the trailer emergency brakes to come on. But the brakes will hold only as long as there is air pressure in the trailer air tank. Eventually, the air will leak away and then there will be no brakes. Therefore, it is very important for safety that you use wheel chocks when you park trailers without spring brakes..


What is the emergency air-line for?

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What is the emergency air-line for?



Answer: The emergency line (also called the supply line) has two purposes. First, it supplies air to the trailer air tanks. Second, the emergency line controls the emergency brakes on combination vehicles. Loss of air pressure in the emergency line causes the trailer emergency brakes to come on. The pressure loss could be caused by a trailer breaking loose, thus tearing apart the emergency air hose. Or it could be caused by a hose, metal tubing, or other part breaking, letting the air out. When the emergency line loses pressure, it also causes the tractor protection valve to close (the air supply knob will pop out). Emergency lines are often coded with the color red (red hose, red couplers, or other parts) to keep from getting them mixed up with the blue service line.

Describe what the service line is for.

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Describe what the service line is for.



Answer: The service line (called the control line) carries air, which is controlled by the foot brake or the trailer hand brake. Depending on how hard you press the foot brake or hand valve, the pressure in the service line will similarly change


Describe what the trailer air supply control does.

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Describe what the trailer air supply control does.



Answer: push it in to supply the trailer with air, pull it out to shut the air off and put on the emergency brakes. The valve will pop out (thus closing the tractor protection valve) when the air pressure drops into the range of 20-45 psi

When you back a trailer, you should position your vehicle so you can back in a curved path to the drivers side. True or False?

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When you back a trailer, you should position your vehicle so you can back in a curved path to the drivers side. True or False?



Answer: 

When backing a trailer, you turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction. Once the trailer starts to turn, you must turn the wheel the other way to follow the trailer.

Whenever you back up with a trailer, try to position your vehicle so you can back in a straight line.

What are the seven-steps of the vehicle inspection procedure?

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What are the seven-steps of the vehicle inspection procedure?



Step 1: Vehicle Overview

Approaching the Vehicle. Notice general condition.

Look for damage or vehicle leaning to one side. Look

under the vehicle for fresh oil, coolant, grease, or fuel

leaks. Check the area around the vehicle for hazards

to vehicle movement (people, other vehicles, objects,

low-hanging wires, limbs, etc.).

• Step 2: Check Engine Compartment

Check That the Parking Brakes Are On and/or Wheels

Chocked.

You may have to raise the hood, tilt the cab (secure

loose things so they don't fall and break something), or

open the engine compartment door.

• Check the following: Engine oil level.

• Coolant level in radiator; condition of hoses.

• Power steering fluid level; hose condition (if so

equipped).

• Windshield washer fluid level.

• Battery connections and tie downs (battery may be

located elsewhere)

• Automatic transmission fluid level (may require engine

to be running).

• Check belts for tightness and excessive wear

(alternator, water pump, air compressor).

• Leaks in the engine compartment (fuel, coolant, oil,

power steering fluid, hydraulic fluid, battery fluid).

• Cracked, worn electrical wiring insulation.

• Air compressor is not leaking air or oil.

• Alternator is securely mounted and wires are

connected.

• Water pump is not leaking.

Lower and secure hood, cab, or engine compartment door.

• Step 3: Start Engine and Inspect Inside the Cab

Get In and Start Engine

• Make sure parking brake is on.

• Put gearshift in neutral (or "park" if automatic).

• With the clutch in start engine; listen for unusual noises.

If equipped, check the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)

indicator lights. Light on dash should come on and then

turn off.

Look at the Gauges

• Oil pressure. Should come up to normal within

seconds after engine is started. See Figure 2.5

• Air pressure. Pressure should build from 85psi to100

psi within 45 seconds. Build air pressure to governor

cut-out (usually around 120 - 140 psi.

• Ammeter and/or voltmeter. Should be in normal

range(s).

• Coolant temperature. Should begin gradual rise to

normal operating range.

• Engine oil temperature. Should begin gradual rise to

normal operating range.

• Warning lights and buzzers. Oil, coolant, charging

circuit warning, and antilock brake system lights should

go out right away.

Check Condition of Controls. Check all of the following

for looseness, sticking, damage, or improper setting:

• Steering wheel. Clutch.

• Accelerator ("gas pedal").

• Brake controls.

• Foot brake.

• Trailer brake (if vehicle has one).

• Parking brake.

• Retarder controls (if vehicle has them).

• Transmission controls.

• Interaxle differential lock (if vehicle has one).

• Horn(s).

• Windshield wiper/washer.

• Heaters and defrosters.

• Lights.

• Headlights.

• Dimmer switch.

• Turn signal.

• Four-way flashers.

• Parking, clearance, identification, marker switch(es).

Check Mirrors and Windshield. Inspect mirrors and

windshield for cracks, dirt, illegal stickers, or other

obstructions to seeing clearly. Clean and adjust as

necessary.

Check Emergency Equipment

Check for safety equipment:

• Spare electrical fuses (unless vehicle has circuit

breakers).

• Three red reflective triangles, 6 fuses or 3 liquid burning

flares.

• Properly charged and rated fire extinguisher.

• Safety Belt is not frayed or ripped and latches.

Check for optional items such as:

• Chains (where winter conditions require).

• Tire changing equipment.

• List of emergency phone numbers.

• Accident reporting kit (packet).

Air Brake Check.

Perform the Three (3) parts of the Air Brake check as

part of the In-Cab Inspection.

Reference: Section 5, Section 11

Perform the service brake and parking brake check.

Reference: Section 6, Section 7

• Step 4: Turn Off Engine and Check Lights

Make sure the parking brake is set, turn off the engine,

and take the key with you.

• Turn on headlights (low beams) and four-way

emergency flashers, and get out of the vehicle and

check if they are working.

• Go to front of vehicle and check that low beams are on

and both of the four-way flashers are working.

• Push dimmer switch and check that high beams work.

• Turn off headlights and four-way emergency flashers.

• Turn on parking, clearance, side-marker, and

identification lights.

• Turn on right turn signal.

• Turn on left turn signal:

Parking, clearance, and identification lights are clean,

and proper color (amber at front).

Reflectors are clean and proper color (amber

at front).

• Step 5: Do Walk-around Inspection

Left Front Side

• Driver's door glass should be clean.

• Mirrors are secure and clean.

• Door latches or locks should work properly.

• Left front wheel:

Condition of rim.

Condition of tire.

Tight lug nuts.

Hub oil level is between the add and full mark, no

leaks.

• Left front suspension:

Condition of springs, spring hangers, shackles, u-bolts.

Condition of shock absorber.

Condition of front axle.

Condition of steering system, steering box, hoses and

linkage.

• Left front brake.

Condition of brake drum or disc.

Condition of brake linings or pads

Condition of hoses.

Condition of brake chamber.

Condition of slack adjuster and push-rod.

• Primary and secondary safety cab locks engaged (if

cab-over-engine design).

• Fuel tank(s).

• Spare tire.

• Condition of visible parts:

Rear of engine.

Transmission.

Exhaust system.

Frame and cross members.

Drive Shaft.

Air lines and electrical wiring.

Header board.

Tie downs.

Canvas or tarp.

Cargo compartment doors.

Left Rear Side

• Left rear wheels:

Condition of rims.

Condition of tires.

Condition of spacers.

Tight lug nuts.

Wheel bearing/seals.

• Suspension:

Condition of spring(s), air bags, spring hangers,

shackles, and u-bolts.

Axle secure.

Powered axle(s) not leaking lube (gear oil).

Condition of torque rod arms, bushings.

Condition of shock absorber(s).

If retractable axle equipped, check condition of lift

mechanism. If air powered, check for leaks.

Condition of air ride components.

• Brakes:

Condition of brake drum or disc.

Condition of brake linings or pads.

Condition of hoses.

Condition of brake chamber.

Condition of slack adjuster and push-rod.

• Lights and reflectors:

Side-marker lights clean and proper color (red at rear,

others amber).

Side-marker reflectors clean and proper color (red at

rear, others amber).

Rear

• Lights and reflectors:

Rear clearance and identification lights clean, and

proper color (red at rear).

Reflectors clean and proper color (red at rear).

Taillights clean and proper color (red at rear).

Right and left rear turns are the proper color (red,

yellow, or amber at rear).

• License plate(s).

• Splash guards.

• Tailboards up and properly secured.

• End gates free of damage, properly secured in stake

sockets.

• Rear doors securely closed, latched/locked.

• Trailer

• Lights and reflectors.

• Bulkhead.

• Air and electric lines.

• Apron.

• 5th wheel.

• Release leaver.

• Mounting bolts.

• Landing gear.

• Axles and tires.

• Brake system.

• Doors, ramps and Tie downs.

Right Side

• Check all items as done on left side.

• Step 6: Check Signal Lights

• Turn on headlights and four-way emergency flashers,

and get out of the vehicle and check if they are working.

• Go to rear of vehicle and check that tail lights are on

and both of the four-way flashers are working.

• Turn off headlights and four-way emergency flashers.

• Turn on parking, clearance, side-marker, and

identification lights.

• Turn on right turn signal.

• Turn on left turn signal

• Step 7: Start the Engine and Check Braking System

• Test for air leaks on air brake equipped vehicles.

• Test for Low air warning devices.

• Test that spring brakes set automatically.

• Test for hydraulic leaks on none air brake vehicles.

• Test parking brake.

• Test service brake stopping action.

If you find anything unsafe during the pre-trip inspection,

get it fixed. Federal and state laws forbid operating an

unsafe vehicle.

What are spring brakes?

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What are spring brakes?



Answer: a heavy spring that will engage the brakes if all air is out of the brake system

The rear door of a transit bus has to be open to put on the parking brake. True or False?

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The rear door of a transit bus has to be open to put on the parking brake. True or False?



Answer: False. Urban mass transit coaches may have a brake and accelerator interlock system. The interlock applies the brakes and holds the throttle in idle position when the rear door is open. The interlock releases when you close the rear door. Do not use this safety feature in place of the parking brake.

Describe from memory the "prohibited practices" listed in the manual

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Describe from memory the "prohibited practices" listed in the manual



Answer: 


Avoid fueling your bus with riders on board unless absolutely necessary. Never refuel in a closed building with riders on board.


Don't talk with riders, or engage in any other distracting activity, while driving.


Do not tow or push a disabled bus with riders aboard the vehicle, unless getting off would be unsafe. Only tow or push the bus to the nearest safe spot to discharge passengers. Follow your employer's guidelines on towing or pushing disabled buses

What is a standee line?

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What is a standee line?



Answer: A 2 inch line on the floor of the bus, showing riders where they cannot stand.

What are some hazardous materials you can't transport by bus?

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What are some hazardous materials you can't transport by bus?



• Division 2.3 poison gas, liquid Class 6 poison, tear gas, irritating material.

• More than 100 pounds of solid Class 6 poisons.

• Explosives in the space occupied by people, except small arms ammunition.

• Labeled radioactive materials in the space occupied by people.

• More than 500 pounds total of allowed hazardous materials, and no more than 100 pounds of any one class.

What is an "escape ramp?"

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What is an "escape ramp?"



Answer: A bed of loose, soft material to slow a runaway vehicle.


Escape ramps are sometimes used in combination with an upgrade.

When checking lights you should

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When checking lights you should



Answer: Make sure that the parking brake is set, turn off the engine and take the key with you, turn on the headlights and four way flashers

Name some things you should check on the front of your vehicle during the walk around inspection

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Name some things you should check on the front of your vehicle during the walk around inspection



Answer: Clean glass, Clean and secure mirrors, door latches or locks work, condition of tire rims and tires, tight lug nuts, hub oil level is between the add and full mark, no leaks, springs, shock absorbers, front axle, steering system condition, condition of brakes, spare tire.

What things should you check during a trip?

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What things should you check during a trip?



Answer: Watch gauges, mirrors, use your senses to check for problems. Look, listen, and smell. Check critical items when you stop; tires, wheels, and rims ; brakes, lights and reflectors; brake and electrical connections to trailer. trailer coupling devices. Cargo securement devices.

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